The development of microparticle-based arrays and liquid phase arras has led to advances in the technology. These new applications can provide high-resolution copy number variations and homozygous deletions in small genomic regions. There are a number of uses for the arra in medical devices. Some examples are microneedle arras, amperometric registration systems, resequencing arras, expression arras, and optical methods based on fluorescence. A sensory organ is a biological system used by an organism to recognize, sense, and process information about the environment. Sensory organs are composed of interconnected groups of sensory cells. These cells can detect and transmit sensory information to the brain.
Sensory organs can be used as prototypes for artificial multisensor systems. The systems can be used to monitor the health of individuals and reduce the costs of routine medical procedures. A wearable patch with a biosensor and temperature sensors was shown to prevent hypoglycemic shock during exercise. Multisensor systems are attractive as they are noninvasive and provide qualitative and quantitative data in a convenient form. This allows online monitoring of patients' health. It also increases efficiency in routine laboratory diagnostic procedures and lowers costs.Microneedle arrays are devices that can deliver drugs to the human body by bypassing the outermost layer of skin called the stratum corneum. They are minimally invasive and provide a good option for transdermal drug delivery. Besides delivering drugs, they can also be used in cosmetic treatments and for diagnostics and therapeutic purposes. The global Array Market is estimated to account for US$ 4,899.9 Mn in terms of value in 2020 and is expected to reach US$ 12,892.5 Mn by the end of 2027. Microneedles can be made of various materials, including metals, silicon, polymers, and other biodegradable materials. Silicon is an ideal material for MNs owing to their elasticity, high fracture toughness, and good biocompatibility. Metals are the most common material for fabrication of MNs. Metals are strong, have good mechanical properties, and have good biocompatibility. However, the manufacturing process is very time-consuming and expensive, as well. Gene expression arrays are devices used for determining the relative levels of gene expression in a sample. These can be used for various applications. They can be used for sequencing, differential expression analysis, mRNA and protein profiling, and sequence identification. The use of arras can help to streamline assessments of the safety and effectiveness of treatments. However, they can also create challenges. Manufacturers of microarra devices should ensure that the probes are consistent. They should also provide an analytical verification that the device is able to measure the appropriate levels of gene expression. New optical methods are available for bacterial characterization. They are based on absorbance and fluorescence and are suitable for enumeration, characterization, and identification. These techniques can also be used to measure metabolic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. These optical techniques are primarily based on fluorescence. Fluorescence can provide long reads and is easy to operate. This type of detection is useful for studying populations in suspension, such as a biofilm. However, there is an increasing need for methods that allow for rapid enumeration of cells in liquid media. The Quake method allows for the direct detection of individual molecules when they bind to a surface. The Helicos method enables the capture of single-stranded DNA templates on a surface. Resequencing arras are used for a wide variety of genetic analysis. They are particularly useful for rapid sequencing of multiple genomes. They can identify single-base sequence variations. However, their ability to detect novel deletions and insertions is limited. The initial applications of microarras in the human genome were successful. Afterwards, improvements were made that reduced the number of false positive variants. Despite these improvements, a major technical challenge remains.
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November 2023
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