Embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that is used to treat tumors and vascular malformations. The process involves the use of a small, synthetic material that is inserted into a blood vessel to obstruct it. It can be performed with the use of an IV line or a catheter. This type of treatment is suitable for many types of lesions and tumors. Many types of embolic agents can be used in a single procedure, whereas certain conditions require multiple treatments. There are several risks associated with this type of procedure. These include damage to the blood vessels and infection. Bruising and bleeding at the puncture site can occur.
An interventional radiologist will perform the embolization. He will use a catheter to guide the agent into the affected blood vessel. Once the agent is in place, x-rays are taken to see if the blood flow is blocked. Additional x-rays are taken to confirm that the procedure is successful. The type of embolic agent selected for a particular patient depends on the size and location of the vascular structure. A large venous malformation will be treated with a staged approach, involving several procedures spaced over a few weeks. The global Vascular Embolization Market was valued at US$ 1,509.1 Mn in 2021 and is forecast to reach a value of US$ 2,851.5 Mn by 2028 at a CAGR of 9.5%between 2022 and 2028. Embolization is also used in the case of an arteriovenous fistula, an abnormal connection between the veins and the arteries. Such an arteriovenous fistula may prevent the delivery of oxygen to the brain or spinal cord. Using embolization can help to reduce pain, swelling, and bleeding from these conditions. During an embolization procedure, a small incision is made in the skin, through which a catheter is inserted. A synthetic material, such as Gelfoam sponge, is then injected into the artery. The embolic agent can be a balloon or a polyvinyl alcohol. If the embolic agent is a sclerosing agent, the artery will be closed. Compared to a liquid embolic agent, a sclerosing agent requires a longer reaction time. Embolization procedures are more complex than they were in the past, with the aid of improvements in technology. Embolization can be used to control heavy menstrual bleeding from fibroids. It can be used to control bleeding during surgical removal of tumors. Stryker launched Surpass Evolve flow diverter in August 2020, after receiving approval in the United States.
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